Digital Records, Heritage Conservation and Post-earthquake Re-construction in Chile

Digital Records, Heritage Conservation and Post-earthquake Re-construction in Chile

Devilat L., Bernadette

Taylor & Francis Ltd

04/2025

270

Dura

9780367776237

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List of figures

List of abbreviations

Acknowledgements

Preface

Introduction

Situating the argument

Earthquakes in Chile

Re-construction and record

Structure of the book

Chapter 1: Built heritage conservation

1.1. A brief history of conservation

1.1.1. Initial attempts

1.1.2. Rome and beyond

1.1.3. Middle Ages

1.1.4. From the Renaissance

1.1.5. The becoming of heritage

From the Conservation movement

Non-monumental heritage

The classification of heritage

The internationalisation of heritage

1.2 Why conserve?

1.2.1. Living heritage: tangible and intangible

1.2.2. Sustainability and economic value

1.2.3. Tourism

1.2.4. Memory and the construction of history

1.3 How to conserve?

1.3.1. Concepts of intervention in built heritage

1.3.2. Reconstruction and re-construction

1.3.3. Time in built heritage restoration

1.3.4. Continuous conservation

1.3.5. Two intervention extremes

1.4. Final remarks

Chapter 2: Recording heritage buildings

2.1. Architectural representation, building and measuring

2.1.1 Building as recording

2.1.2. Architectural treatises

From building to drawing

Words instead of images

Standardisation

2.1.3. Other records

2.2. Surveying buildings

2.2.1. Hand-measuring method

2.2.2. Photography

2.2.3. 3D imaging

Stereo-photogrammetry

Photogrammetry

2.2.4. 3D scanning using projected light

2.2.5. 3D-laser-scanning

2.3. The rise of digital recording technologies

2.3.1. Products from the 3D record

Architectural representations

Visualisations

A new aesthetic

2.3.2. Designing from the 3D scan data

2.3.3. The paradox of the complete record

2.3.4. Record and archive

2.3.5. Continuous modelling and design

2.3.6. Visual replica

2.4. Final remarks

Chapter 3: Record and reconstruction in the face of destruction

3.1. Potential destruction

3.1.1. The record

3.1.2. Rebuilding as replica

3.1.3. The paradox of the original

3.1.3.1. Reconstruction as improvement

3.1.3.2. Programmed rebuilding - Ise shrines

3. The 3D record to question physical rebuilding

3.2. Recording for re-construction

3.2.1. Documenting to manage risk

3.2.2. Post-destruction assessment and documentation

Surveying buildings after earthquakes

3D-laser-scanning as a post-earthquake surveying tool

Continuous recording

Assessing damage by comparing records

3.3. Post-earthquake intervention of heritage areas

3.3.1. Building techniques in reconstruction and re-construction

3.4. Concluding remarks

Chapter 4: Reconstruction of heritage areas in Chile

4.1. Built heritage in Chile

4.1.1. Continuous destruction because of earthquakes

4.1.2 Heritage stance

4.1.3. Recording heritage buildings

4.1.4 Mitigation of heritage damage

4.2. Case studies

4.2.1. Two earthquakes

4.2.2 Chilean heritage areas

4.2.3. Tarapaca

4.2.4. Zuniga

4.2.5. Lolol

4.3. Reconstruction after earthquakes in Chile

4.3.1. Emergency period

4.3.2. Permanent housing

4.3.3. Post-earthquake surveys

4.3.4. 2005 earthquake

4.3.5. 2010 earthquake

Creation of the Heritage Reconstruction Programme

Lessons learned from 2005 to 2010

4.4. Persisting challenges

4.4.1. Emergency period

4.4.1.1. Indiscriminate demolition

4.4.1.2. Built Heritage perception

4.4.2. Reconstruction process

4.4.2.1 Integral approach?

4.4.2.2. Lack of evaluation

4.4.2.3. Scalability

4.4.2.4. New heritage dwellings

4.5. Concluding remarks

Chapter 5: the record

5.1. Data capture on-site

5.1.1. Documenting the built environment

5.1.2. Tarapaca

5.1.3. Zuniga

5.1.4. Lolol

5.1.2. Inhabitants' perception

5.2. Visualisation

Limitations

5.3. The record for analysis

5.3.1. Post-earthquake surveys

From measured drawing to 3D-laser-scanning

5.3.2. Architectural design, heritage elements and the sustainability of the new 'heritage' dwellings

From 2005 to 2010

The architectural elements of heritage

Architectural design and building techniques

5.3.3. The paradox of authentic reproduction

The record throughout time: determining the original

5.4. Concluding remarks

Chapter 6: Re-construction alternative

6.1. Documenting to mitigate risk

6.1.1. Mitigation retrofitting

6.1.2. Integrating inhabitants

6.2. Designing from the record

6.2.1. Time

6.3.2. Spatial use: the inhabited record

Inhabiting a reconstructed house

6.3.3. Sustainability and materiality

6.3. Re-construction

6.4.1. Tarapaca - memory

Re-construction plan

The memory of earthquakes

6.4.2. Zuniga - use

6.4.3. Lolol - in-between

Post-earthquake and pre-restoration

Repair, retrofit & partial re-construction

6.4. Concluding remarks

Conclusions

Methodology

As a post-earthquake documenting tool

As a basis for analysis and design

Going beyond the buildings

Implications

New Buildings for Old

Mitigation as conservation

Continuous transformation

Projections

References

Index
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conservation of built heritage;Digital Records;Heritage Conservation;Post-earthquake Re-construction;Chile;heritage discourses;living heritage